ICS 139W, Emily Navarro

(assignment adapted with permission from David Kay)

Changing the System

For this assignment, you will examine some software system you're familiar with from two different perspectives: introducing new users to the system, and proposing changes to the system.

Imagine, for example, that you are in charge of UCI's Gmail-based electronic mail system. Periodically you will have to instruct new users on how to use Gmail. You might write an introductory document, explaining the basics of electronic mail and the kinds of operations one might expect to perform (creating a message, sending it, receiving a message, printing it, saving it, and so on); later in that document, or in another document, you might give a tutorial providing the details of carrying out those operations (the specific commands to use), perhaps with a set of examples the reader would follow. You might also give an oral introduction to Gmail to groups of new users or create a video of that introduction.

In addition, you might think that Gmail could be improved in various ways (such as a fancier user interface or additional features). Probably you would have to convince someone that these changes would be worth implementing. For UCI's Gmail, it could be the director of UCI's Office of Information Technology or the director of the Gmail project at Google; for some other system, it might be your boss or a committee in charge of deciding what software enhancements are most important. You would make your case both in a written memo and in an oral presentation.

For this assignment, you will choose some software that you're familiar with and do each of these things. As you develop each of these different documents (and their corresponding oral presentations), focus on how the audience for each document is different—they have different experience, different needs, and so on, which means that how you write for each will be different, too.

Stage I—choosing a system: First, you must decide what system you will use for this assignment. Your system may be conventional application software; it may also be a web site with significantly complex navigation or interaction. By Tuesday, September 29, send a brief message to the TA, Steve Slota (sslota@uci.edu), that names the system, describes it if it's not something everyone's familiar with, and sketches out the kind of changes you're thinking of proposing. Based on his feedback, you will give a one- to two-minute oral presentation of this information to the class on October 6.

Stage II—introduction for novices: You will write an introduction to the system for novice users, of three to four pages. This document should give a high-level description of the system and its capabilities, describing what tasks the system will perform and giving the necessary background. It should not get into the tedious minor details of which keys to press or which menu items to choose; those details would extend this assignment far beyond four pages in any case. A good draft of this is due on October 27; the final version is due November 19. (All written assignments are due at the start of class.) You will also give to the class a two-minute oral version of this introduction (on November 5 or 10).

Stage III—proposal for change: You will write a proposal for changing this system, of five to six pages plus a brief single-page cover letter. Address this proposal to whatever decision-making authority is appropriate for your software: perhaps the company that publishes it, perhaps an individual or committee in your own organization. Try to find out the actual name of the actual person or group who actually has the authority to make the changes you suggest, and write your proposal with that person or group in mind. Your goal should be to produce a proposal you can actually send. Be sure to anticipate any potential objections your audience (the decision-making authority) may have and address those in your proposal. You may also address any financial and technological considerations involved. See http://www.scribendi.com/advice/how_to_write_a_business_pitch.en.html for a good overview of what you should include in a business proposal.

A draft of your proposal is due for joint editing in class on November 3; a revision based on the joint editing (including your editor's comments) is due on November 12. On November 12, you will give your final oral proposal for change to the appropriate decision maker; each presentation should take four minutes. (We will continue as necessary on November 17, November 19, and December 1.) The final written version of your proposal is due on December 3.

This change proposal is the most formal presentation you will make. Visual aids are customary in such presentations, and you will prepare them (in the form of PowerPoint slides or the equivalent) and use them when you present your proposal. You will submit a draft of these slides (on paper) with the draft of your proposal on November 3; you will revise them along with your revision due on November 12, you will use them in your oral presentation, and you will turn them in with your final version. You will find PowerPoint easy to learn even if you've never seen it before, but we would recommend trying it out more than just a day before the first draft is due. Instead of PowerPoint, you may use Apple's Keynote or open-source equivalents to PowerPoint or even Prezi.com; however, any compatibility issues are your responsibility to resolve before your presentation.

Each part of this assignment shares the same underlying subject matter. What's different in each part is the intended audience (and thus what knowledge you assume, what you cover explicitly, and the level of formality). The table on the next page shows this.

Suggestions and advice: Choose software that you know something about, and more importantly, that you care about. The best writing (and the easiest for the writer) is writing where the writer has experience with the topic and really cares about getting it across to the reader. So choose something that matters to you.

Always be mindful of your audience. Novice users have different needs and a different set of assumptions than decision-makers, for example. Moreover, the appropriate level of formality is different for each of your different audiences. This table will help you focus on these distinctions:

We encourage your effective use of graphics, though graphics may not reduce your prose page count below the minimum.

To the extent applicable, you should state your sources of information in your written proposal, backing up whatever facts and figures you used. This need not be gathered all together at the end as a formal bibliography—it is better to mention the name of the source at the point where you use its information in the body of the paper. If your word processor supports automatic footnotes, use them, but do not waste time trying to include footnotes manually—an in-line citation is fine. Citations should provide enough detail to allow the reader to find the cited work and follow up on the information. All the citations in a document should follow a consistent format, but the precise format you use is not crucial for this assignment.

There's a big difference between spoken and written language. For the oral portions of this assignment, do not simply read from a script. Of course you will use notes, but speak naturally rather than reading a "canned" speech. On the other hand, the presentations are relatively formal in tone; joking banter and slang are not appropriate.

We will be happy to advise you on any aspect of your proposal. We're a valuable resource; take advantage of our assistance.

Rubric for introductory tutorial: 

We'll use 3 categories (total of 100 points possible):

* Critical Thinking and Analysis: 34 points

The prose explains the purpose and usage of the system to a novice user. The writer foresees possible confusions and questions a novice user would have, and accurately addresses them. Importantly, the prose introduces the system to a novice in such a way that makes it relevant and worthwhile to use. The prose focuses on typical usage cases and patterns relevant to an everyday user.

* Development and Structure: 33 points

The organization is apparent, coherent, and contributes to the overall goals; the insightful, specific, focused development of the main purpose/thesis is effectively organized in paragraphs; transitional devices help to develop one idea from the previous one or identify their logical relations; the reader is effortlessly guided through the chain of reasoning or progression of ideas.

* Language and style: 33 points

The prose is concise, in that does not contain unnecessary words or sentences. Sentences are correct in that there no fragments (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/620/1/) or dangling

modifiers (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/597/1/). Sentences are clear with naturally flowing subordinate clauses, strong action verbs, unambiguous pronouns, and limited use of double-negatives (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/600/1/). The prose is written with the appropriate level of formality. The prose is written in a consistent tense (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/04/) and voice (active

vs passive).

Rubric for system change proposal: 

We'll use 4 categories (total of 100 points possible):

* Critical Thinking and Analysis: 25 points

The argument for the proposed change is insightful, creative, and persuasive. The content is tailored for a management audience, with arguments that are well-thought out, explaining several perspectives, including potential benefits, downsides, costs, and difficulties associated with implementing the proposed change. The overall argument is compelling, and may likely be accepted if read by a business manager.

* Use of evidence/research: 25 points

The pitch uses evidence and sources appropriately and effectively, with a clear understanding of management's expectations. The evidence/sources help develop and exemplify the overall argument for implementing the proposed change.

* Development and Structure: 25 points

The organization is apparent, coherent, and contributes to the overall goals; the insightful, specific, focused development of the main purpose/thesis is effectively organized in paragraphs; transitional devices (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/574/1/) help to develop one idea from the previous one or identify their logical relations; the reader is effortlessly guided through the chain of reasoning or progression of ideas. Parallel structure is used to emphasize common relationships between ideas

(http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/623/1/).

* Language and style: 25 points

The prose is concise, in that does not contain unnecessary words or sentences. Sentences are correct in that there no fragments (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/620/1/) or dangling modifiers (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/597/1/). Sentences are clear with naturally flowing subordinate clauses, strong action verbs, unambiguous pronouns, and limited use of double-negatives (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/600/1/). The prose is written with the appropriate level of formality. The prose is written in a consistent tense (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/04/)  and voice (active vs passive).

Grading of oral presentations: Oral presentations are nerve-wracking enough for most people without the addition of grade pressure. The main criterion we will use for evaluating your oral presentations is that you show up to give them, and that you're well prepared. We will not grade down significantly for speaking style or loudness of voice or oratorical polish, though we do expect that you will try to address your intended audience appropriately. We will not grade down at all for nervousness (though we hope that will abate as the quarter progresses) or English pronunciation or the speaker's personality.

You will have an opportunity to give your classmates written feedback on their presentations; you will receive some credit towards class participation for each presentation you comment on.