\begin{thebibliography}{}

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ambriola et~al.}{1997}]{ambriola}
Ambriola, V., R. Conradi, and A. Fuggetta: 1997, `Assessing Process-centered
  Software Engineering Environments'.
\newblock {\em ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology} {\bf
  6}(3), 283--328.
\newblock
  http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/journals/tosem/1997-6-3/p283-ambriola/.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bandinelli et~al.}{1996}]{spade-coop}
Bandinelli, S., E. {Di Nitto}, and A. Fuggetta: 1996, `Supporting Cooperation
  in the SPADE-1 Environment'.
\newblock {\em IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering} {\bf 22}(12).
\newblock http://computer.org/tse/ts1996/e0841abs.htm.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bandinelli et~al.}{1994}]{spade}
Bandinelli, S., A. Fuggetta, C. Ghezzi, and L. Lavazza: 1994, `SPADE: An
  Environment for Software Process Analysis, Design and Enactment'.
\newblock In: A. Finkelstein, J. Kramer, and B. Nuseibeh (eds.): {\em Software
  Process Modelling and Technology}.
\newblock Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press Ldt., Chapt.~9,
  pp. 223--248.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bardram}{1997}]{bardram2}
Bardram, J.: 1997, `Plans as Situated Action: An Activity Theory Approach to
  Workflow Systems'.
\newblock In: {\em European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work -
  ECSCW'97}. Lancaster, UK.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bardram}{1998a}]{bardram-thesis}
Bardram, J.: 1998a, `Collaboration, Coordination, and Computer Support: An
  Activity Theoretical Approach to the Design of Computer Supported Cooperative
  Work'.
\newblock Ph.D. thesis, Aarhus University.
\newblock Daimi PB-533.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bardram}{1998b}]{Coordination}
Bardram, J.: 1998b, `Designing for the Dynamics of Cooperative Work
  Activities'.
\newblock In: {\em Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work}. pp.
  89--98.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Barghouti and Kaiser}{1991}]{txns-survey}
Barghouti, N. and G. Kaiser: 1991, `Concurrency Control in Advanced Database
  Applications'.
\newblock {\em ACM Computing Surveys} {\bf 23}(3).

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Biddle and Thomas}{1966}]{roles}
Biddle, B. and E. Thomas (eds.): 1966, {\em Role Theory: Concepts and
  Research}.
\newblock New York: John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Briand et~al.}{1995}]{briand}
Briand, L., W. Melo, C. Seaman, and B. Basili: 1995, `Characterizing and
  Assessing a Large-Scale Software Maintenance Organization'.
\newblock In: {\em Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Software
  Engineering}. pp. 133--143.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Brooks}{1995}]{Mmm}
Brooks, F.: 1995, {\em The Mythical Man-Month : Essays on Software Engineering
  - Anniversary ed.}
\newblock Addison-Wesley.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Canals et~al.}{1994}]{alf}
Canals, G., N. Boudjlida, J. Derniame, C. Godart, and J. Lonchamp: 1994, `ALF:
  A Framework for Building Process-Centered Software Engineering Environments'.
\newblock In: A. Finkelstein, J. Kramer, and B. Nuseibeh (eds.): {\em Software
  Process Modelling and Technology}.
\newblock Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press Ldt., Chapt.~7,
  pp. 153--186.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cugola}{1998}]{cugola}
Cugola, G.: 1998, `Tolerating Deviations in Process Support Systems via
  Flexible Enactment of Process Models'.
\newblock {\em IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special Section on
  Managing Inconsistency in Software Development} {\bf 24}(11), 906--907.
\newblock http://church.computer.org/tse/ts1998/e0982abs.htm.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Curtis et~al.}{1988}]{field-study}
Curtis, B., H. Krasner, and N. Iscoe: 1988, `A Field Study of the Software
  Design Process for Large Systems'.
\newblock {\em Communications of the ACM} {\bf 31}(11), 1268--1286.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{{Digital Equipment Corporation}}{1999}]{fuse}
{Digital Equipment Corporation}: 1999, `DEC Fuse Home Page'.
\newblock http://www\-.digital\-.com/\-fuse/.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Elmagarmid}{1992}]{extended-txns}
Elmagarmid, A. (ed.): 1992, {\em Transaction Models for Advanced Database
  Applications}.
\newblock Morgan-kaufmann.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Engestr{\"{o}}m}{1987}]{Activity-theory-II}
Engestr{\"{o}}m, Y.: 1987, {\em Learning by Expanding: An Activity-theoretical
  Approach to Developmental Research}.
\newblock Helsinki: Orienta-Konsultit Oy.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Engestr{\"{o}}m}{1997}]{courts}
Engestr{\"{o}}m, Y.: 1997, `Coordination, Cooperation and Communication in the
  Courts'.
\newblock In: {\em Mind, Culture, and Activity}.
\newblock Cambridge University Press, Chapt.~28, pp. 369--388.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fernstrom}{1993}]{process-weaver}
Fernstrom, C.: 1993, `Process Weaver: Adding Process Support to UNIX'.
\newblock In: {\em Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the
  Software Process}. pp. 12--26.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Fischer}{1994}]{domain-oriented}
Fischer, G.: 1994, `Domain-Oriented Design Environments'.
\newblock {\em Automated Software Engineering} {\bf 1}, 177--203.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Floyd}{1992}]{floyd}
Floyd, C.: 1992, `Software Development as Reality Construction'.
\newblock In: C. Floyd, H. Z{\"{u}}llighoven, R. Budde, and R. Keil-Slawik
  (eds.): {\em Software Development and Reality Construction}.
\newblock Springer-Verlag, Chapt. 3.2.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ghezzi et~al.}{1991}]{ghezzi}
Ghezzi, C., M. Jazayeri, and D. Mandrioli: 1991, {\em Fundamentals of Software
  Engineering}.
\newblock Prentice-Hall.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Ghezzi and Nuseibeh}{1998}]{inconsistency}
Ghezzi, C. and B. Nuseibeh: 1998, `Guest Editorial: Introduction to the Special
  Section'.
\newblock {\em IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special Section on
  Managing Inconsistency in Software Development} {\bf 24}(11), 906--907.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Grudin}{1994}]{cscw-history}
Grudin, J.: 1994, `CSCW: History and Focus'.
\newblock {\em IEEE Computer} {\bf 27}(5), 19--27.
\newblock http://www.ics.uci.edu/~grudin/Papers/IEEE94/IEEEComplastsub.html.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Hasan}{1998}]{hasan}
Hasan, H.: 1998, `Integrating IS and HCI Using Activity Theory as a
  Philosophical and Theoretical Basis'.
\newblock http://www.cba.uh.edu/~parks/fis/hasan.htm.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Huff}{1996}]{huff}
Huff, K.: 1996, `Software Process Modeling'.
\newblock In: A. Fuggeta and A. Wolf (eds.): {\em Trends in Software: Software
  Process}.
\newblock John Wiley and Sons, Chapt.~1.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Junkerman et~al.}{1994}]{merlin}
Junkerman, G., B. Peuschel, W. Sch{\"{a}}fer, and S. Wolf: 1994, `MERLIN:
  Supporting Cooperation in Software Development Through a Knowledge-Based
  Environment'.
\newblock In: A. Finkelstein, J. Kramer, and B. Nuseibeh (eds.): {\em Software
  Process Modelling and Technology}.
\newblock Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press Ldt., Chapt.~5,
  pp. 103--130.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Keil-Slawik}{1992}]{slawik}
Keil-Slawik, R.: 1992, `Artifacts in Software Design'.
\newblock In: C. Floyd, H. Z{\"{u}}llighoven, R. Budde, and R. Keil-Slawik
  (eds.): {\em Software Development and Reality Construction}.
\newblock Springer-Verlag, Chapt. 4.4.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kuuti}{1991}]{kuuti}
Kuuti, K.: 1991, `The Concept of Activity as a Basic Unit of Analysis for CSCW
  Research'.
\newblock In: {\em Proceedings of the Second European Conference on CSCW}.
  Amsterdam, pp. 249--264.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kuuti}{1996}]{kuuti3}
Kuuti, K.: 1996, `Activity Theory as a Potential Framework for Human-Computer
  Interaction Research'.
\newblock In: B. Nardi (ed.): {\em Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory
  and Human-Computer Interaction}.
\newblock Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Chapt.~2, pp. 17--44.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kuuti and Arvonen}{1992}]{kuuti2}
Kuuti, K. and T. Arvonen: 1992, `Identifying Potential CSCW Applications by
  Means of Activity Theory Concepts: A Case Example'.
\newblock In: {\em Proc. of the Computer Supported Cooperative Work - CSCW'92}.
  pp. 233--240.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Leontjev}{1978}]{Activity-theory}
Leontjev, A.: 1978, {\em Activity, Consciousness and Personality}.
\newblock Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Lonchamp}{1994}]{assessment}
Lonchamp, J.: 1994, `An Assessment Exercise'.
\newblock In: A. Finkelstein, J. Kramer, and B. Nuseibeh (eds.): {\em Software
  Process Modelling and Technology}.
\newblock Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press Ldt., Chapt.~13,
  pp. 335--356.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Montangero and Ambriola}{1994}]{oikos}
Montangero, C. and V. Ambriola: 1994, `OIKOS: Constructing Process-Centred
  SDEs'.
\newblock In: A. Finkelstein, J. Kramer, and B. Nuseibeh (eds.): {\em Software
  Process Modelling and Technology}.
\newblock Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press Ldt., Chapt.~6,
  pp. 131--152.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Nardi}{1996}]{nardi}
Nardi, B. (ed.): 1996, {\em Context and Consciousness: Activity Theory and
  Human-Computer Interaction}.
\newblock Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Naur et~al.}{1976}]{sw-conf}
Naur, P., B. Randell, and J. Buxton (eds.): 1976, {\em Software Engineering:
  Concepts \& Techniques}.
\newblock New York: Peterocelli/Charter.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{OMG}{1999}]{corba}
OMG: 1999, `Corba Home Page'.
\newblock http://www.corba.org.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Raeithel}{1992}]{raeithel}
Raeithel, A.: 1992, `Activity Theory as a Foundation for Design'.
\newblock In: C. Floyd, H. Z{\"{u}}llighoven, R. Budde, and R. Keil-Slawik
  (eds.): {\em Software Development and Reality Construction}.
\newblock Springer-Verlag, Chapt. 8.4.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Robinson}{1993}]{Artifacts}
Robinson, M.: 1993, `Design for Unanticipated Use...'.
\newblock In: C.~S.~G. de~Michelis and K. Schmidt (eds.): {\em Proceedings of
  the Third European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work}. Milan,
  Italy, pp. 187--202.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Silberschatz et~al.}{1999}]{silber}
Silberschatz, A., H. Korth, and S. Sudarshan: 1999, {\em Database System
  Concepts}.
\newblock McGraw-Hill, third edition edition.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Snowdon and Warboys}{1994}]{intro-pcsde}
Snowdon, R. and B. Warboys: 1994, `An Introduction to Process-Centered
  Environments'.
\newblock In: A. Finkelstein, J. Kramer, and B. Nuseibeh (eds.): {\em Software
  Process Modelling and Technology}.
\newblock Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press Ldt., Chapt.~1,
  pp. 1--7.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Sommerville and Rodden}{1996}]{social-pcsde}
Sommerville, I. and T. Rodden: 1996, `Human, Social and Organisational
  Influences on the Software Process'.
\newblock In: A.Fuggeta and A.Wolf (eds.): {\em Trends in Software: Software
  Process}.
\newblock John Wiley and Sons, Chapt.~4.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Suchman}{1983}]{office-procedure}
Suchman, L.: 1983, `Office Procedure as Practical Action: Models of Work and
  System Design'.
\newblock {\em ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems} {\bf 1}(4),
  320--328.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{{Sun Microsystems}}{1997}]{tooltalk}
{Sun Microsystems}: 1997, `Tooltalk User's Guide'.
\newblock ftp://192.18.99.138/\-802-7318/\-802-7318.pdf.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Sutton et~al.}{1990}]{appla}
Sutton, S., D. Heimbigner, and L. Osterweil: 1990, `Language Constructs for
  Managing CHange in Process-centered Environments'.
\newblock In: {\em Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Practical Software
  Development Environments}.

\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Wolf and Rosenblum}{1993}]{only}
Wolf, A. and D. Rosenblum: 1993, `Process-Centered Environments (Only) Support
  Environment-Centered Processes'.
\newblock In: {\em Proceedings of the 8th International Software Process
  Workshop (ISPW8)}. Wadern, Germany, pp. 148--149.

\end{thebibliography}