Excel Scatter (aka XY) Charts


1) Introduction:
2) Creating Simple Scatter Charts and their Subtypes:
3) Formating Chart Titles, X and Y Axis Titles, Legends:
4) Formating Axes:
5) Formating the Plot Area:
6) Adding, Removing, and Formating Data Series:
7) Summary:


1) Introduction:

In this lecture we will take a guided tour through one of the most useful (if
not the most useful) types of charts in Excel: the Scater chart. It is also
known as an XY chart, because we supply it with the X and Y coordinates of all
the points plotted in the chart.

We will explore the most useful commands that allow us to constuct and format
Scatter charts. Many of these same commands are available for use with other
types of Excel charts that we will study later in the quarter. During this
course, we will NOT have time for a detailed study of all the different types
of Excel charts, but will study enough of them -and Scatter charts in detail-
that you should feel comfortable learning about the details of these other
types yourself.

The Excel workbook paired with this lecture contains enough data to create
the multiple data series in the Scatter chart shown. Feel free to try to
duplicate the chart supplied, and/or experiment with its formatting. It is easy
and safe to experiment with formatting charts, because we can easily undo any
changes that we make. We cover some of the features that we can use in this
workbook (e.g. scroll bars for input) in an upcoming lecture.

The goal of the lecture is for you to become familiar with creating and
formatting Scatter charts, so that in the future you can easily construct
Scatter charts that are formated to show clearly the data that you entered
and calculated.


2) Creating Simple Scatter Charts and their Subtypes:

We will create Scatter charts by clicking the disclosure triangle under the
Scatter chart icon, located on the Ribbon in the Charts group when the Insert
tab is selected.

-->Click the Inser tab; notice the options in the Charts group

Although we can create an empty chart, with not even one data series in it,
typically we start a chart by first selecting one (or more) data series to
start with.

If we select a rectanglar range of data cells for an Scatter chart, the first
column will represent the X values, and each of the remaining columns will each
represent a different series of (X,Y) values: each X value in the first column
is paired with a Y value in each of the remaining columns. We can similarly
construct a Scatter chart with the X values in one row and the Y values is
other row(s).

So, for example, if we select the following rectangle (5 rows and 3 columns),
we specify two data series.

   0   0   1
   1   2   3
   2   4   9
   3   6  27
   4   8  81

The first series would pair x=0,y=0, x=1,y=2, x=2,y=4, x=3,y=6, and x=4,y=8;
the second series would pair x=0,y=1, x=1,y=3, x=2,y=9, x=3,y=27, and x=4,y=81.
Often we  construct a chart by selecting just two columns (one data series)
and we can add more data series to the Scatter chart as necessary.

After we select the cells containing the starting data for a chart, we click
the Scatter chart icon (or the disclosure triangle under it), located on the
Ribbon in the Charts group when the Insert tab is selected.

When disclosed, the Scatter chart icon shows 5 subtypes of Scatter charts
(reading left to right, top to bottom). Hovering over any of these will
display a brief description of that kind of chart

  (1) Plotting points via markers    , but not lines connecting markers
  (2) Plotting points via markers    , connecting markers with a smoothed line
  (3) Plotting points without markers, connecting points  with a smoothed line
  (4) Plotting points via markers    , connecting markers with a straight line
  (5) Plotting points without markers, connecting points  with a straight line

Clicking one of these subtypes creates the chart, which Excel should place on
the worksheet, near the selected data (typically a bit to the right of it).
We can move and resize these charts.

It is easy to change the subtype of a chart at any time (we will see how to
do this soon); changing the type can also be easy too, although sometimes it
is difficult to switch chart types, if their types are very different.

When a chart is created, the words "Chart Tools" appear on the Title bar and
three extra tabs appear under it, on the Ribbon: Design, Layout, and Format.
We will spend most of this lecture exploring the meaning and use of the icons
available on the Ribbon under these tabs -mostly under the Layout tab.

--->Using the Interest worksheet supplied with this lecture, select a
-->  rectangular range of cells comprising the X and Y values for one data
-->  series (A8:B37): these show the amounts of money available every year
-->  with an initial desposit of $1,000 and a 6% interest rate.
-->Create a Scatter chart from this data, using the Insert tab, the Scatter
-->  chart icon, and the icon for subtype (2): plotting points via markers,
-->  connecting markers with a smoothed line
-->Notice the Scatter chart appears (with a thin blue border) and is selected,
-->  so the tabs Design, Layout, and Format appear (with Design selected).
-->  Click a cell and these tabs disappear; click the chart again and they
-->  reappear.

We can resize a chart by first selecting it (if it is not already selected; a
selected chart will appear with a thin blue border) hovering over any of the 8
sets of dots in the blue border of the chart (top, bottom, left, right, and the
four corners) at which time the cursor will change to a double-arrowed line,
and then dragging (pressing the mouse and moving it; we'll see an outline of
how big the chart will be) and dropping (unpressing the mouse; the chart will
fill the outline). 

We can reposition a chart similarly: by hovering over the blue border of the
chart (but NOT over the dots) at which time the cursor will change to four
arrows (going up, down, left, and right), and then dragging (pressing the mouse
and moving; we'll see an outline of where the chart will be positioned) and
dropping (unpressing the mouse; the chart will move to the outline).

-->Resize and reposition the chart object so that it is conveniently placed on
-->  the spreadsheet; a good spot is with its upper-left corner in cell K9
-->  and its lower-right corner in cell T37

Note the appearance of the Chart Tools on the Title and the tabs Design,
Layout, and Format on the Ribbon. If the Design tab is not already
automatically selected, select this tab

-->Select any cell in the worksheet; notice the Title and Ribbon reverts to
-->  its standard appearance
-->Select the chart you just created, the Title now shows Chart Tools and the
-->  includes the tabs Design, Layout, and Format. If you select the chart by
-->  double-clicking it, Excel switches to the Design tab. Also notice that the
-->  cell range A8:B37 is highlighted, showing the data used in the chart.

If we want to delete a chart, we just select it and press the Del key
(typically on the lower right of your keyboard).

-->Select the chart and press the Del key and watch the chart disappear
-->Press ctrl/z or click Undo and watch the chart reappear

Let's practice changing the subtype of this chart, cycling through all five of
the possibilities for the Scatter charts described above).

-->If the chart is not selected, select it (double-clicking works best here)
-->Select the Design tab, which shows the groups Type, Data, Chart Layouts,
-->  Chart Sytles, and Location
-->Click Change Chart Type in the Type group (at the far left); notice the
-->  pop-up window named Change Chart Type. In the left pane you will see a
-->  list of the chart types available (with XY(Scatter) highlighted because
-->  that is the current type of the chart); in the right pane you will see the
-->  chart  subtypes for each chart (with the 2nd subtype, Markers with
-->  smoothed Line, highlighted); hover over this chart to see it described
-->Double-click the first Scatter chart subtype (or click it and then click OK)
-->  and notice the change to the chart
-->Press ctrl/z or click the Undo icon to change the chart subtype back
-->Click Change Chart Type and double-click each of the 5 subtypes and notice
-->  the changes to the chart (don't bother undoing each one)

We can even change the type of the chart easily in this pop-up window.

-->Click Change Chart Type, then click the Pie Chart in the left pane (under
-->  Line and above Bar), and finally double-click the first Pie Chart subtype
-->  and notice the change; also notice that some information on the Chart
-->  Layouts and Chart Styles changes: those that are dependent on the Chart
-->  Type
-->Restore the chart to show the second subtype of a Scatter chart


3) Formating Chart Titles, X and Y Axis Titles, Legends:

In this section we will explore how to put a title on the entire chart, and 
then how to title the X and Y axes, and finally how to move/format the legend.
For all these operations, the Ribbon should be displaying the Layout tab.

-->Select the Layout tab, which shows the groups Current Selection, Insert, 
-->  Labels, Axes, Background, Analysis, and Properties
-->Click Chart Title in the Labels group and click Above Chart; notice that
-->  Excel puts in the title "Chart Title" at the top of the chart
-->Click Chart Title again and click None; notice Excel removes the title
-->Click Chart Title again and click Above Chart
-->Select the text "Chart Title" and replace it by "Interest Rate
-->  Comparisions"
-->Select all the text you just typed
-->Right-click it; notice a pop-up window that allows us to easily format the 
-->  selected text: change the font size from 18 to 14; feel free to experiment
-->  with any of the other options, undoing your choices
-->Press Esc when you are done with this pop-up

Now let's explore how to title the X and Y axes.

-->Click Axis Titles in the Labels group, then hover over Primary Horizontal
-->  Axis Title, and then click Title Below Axis
-->Select the text "Axis Title" and replace it by "Period"
-->Select all the text you just typed
-->Right-click the text and change the font size from 10 to 12
-->Click Axis Titles again, then hover over Primary Horizontal Axis Title, and
-->  then click More Primary Horizontal Axis Title Option; notice the pop-up
-->  window titled Format Axis Title
-->Click close

Instead of using this path to format the axis title, we will see how to do so
in two other ways

Either

-->Right-click the horizontal axis title and click Format Axis Title...
or
-->Select the horizontal axis title and click Format Selection in the Current
-->  Selection group (leftmost on the Layout tab).

Notice that the Format Axis Title pop-up window appears.

Let's exlore three of the six formatting options (they appear in the left pane)
that we can use: Fill, Border Color, Border Style, Shadow, 3-D Format, and
Alignment.

Fill:

-->Summon the Format Axis Title pop-up window and position it so you can see
-->  both this window and the chart
-->Click the Fill option in the left pane and then click the "Solid fill" radio
-->  button: only one of group of radio buttons can be "pressed" (filled in
-->  with a black circle) at a time
-->Click the disclosure triangle after the Color icon (the spilling paint can)
-->Choose a light blue color and notice the background of the title changes
-->  to that color; move the Transparency slider to the right and left and
-->  notice the changes to the color
-->Try a few other colors and experiment with the Transparency slider
-->Finally, click the No Fill radio button


Border Color:
 
-->Summon the Format Axis Title pop-up window and position it so you can see
-->  both this window and the chart
-->Click the Border Color option in the left pane and then click the "Solid
-->  line" radio button
-->Click the disclosure triangle after the Color icon
-->Choose a bright red color and notice the border around the title changes
-->  to that color
-->Click close on the Format Axis Title pop-up window and then click some
-->  cell outside the chart; notice the border
-->Summon the Format Axis Title pop-up window and position it so you can see
-->  both this window and the chart
-->Click the Border Color option in the left pane and then click the "No line"
-->  radio button

Border Styles, Shadow, and 3-D formal all provide fancier formating for the
border. We will not explore these options, but feel free to experiment with
them.


Alignment:

-->Summon the Format Axis Title pop-up window and position it so you can see
-->  both this window and the chart
-->Click the Alignment option in the left pane and then press the down arrow on
-->  the  box appearing after the "Custom angle" label; notice that the box
-->  displays a series of negative numbers as the title is rotated: stop at -45
-->  degrees
-->Select the text -45 and replace it by 45; notice the angle of the title 
-->  changes; change the angle back to -45
-->Experiment with the choices in the Text direction pull-down list
-->Restore the title to a Horizontal direction at -45 degrees
-->Click close on the Format Axis Title pop-up window

If you need to, resize the window bigger until the characters in the word
"Period" appears in a line.

Using commands similar to the ones above, label the primary vertical axis
with the word Amount, using the same font size and an alignment of -90 degrees
(which is the same as 270 degrees). Make it match the Scatter chart shown on
the worksheet for this reading.

Now let's move from the axes to the legend.

The Legend is what shows the Series information: in this chart (so far) there
is just one series, titled Series 1 (in blue with a diamondr marker). In the
chart you will ultimately be producing, there will be six different series,
each using a different color and marker.

-->Click Legend in the Labels group and click the More Legend Options; notice
-->  the pop-up window titled Format Legend
-->Click each of "Legend Position" options; notice how the legend moves

We can also position the legend by

-->Right-clicking inside the Legend and clicking Format Legend...
or 
-->Selecting the Legend and then clicking Format Selection in the Current
-->  Selection group (leftmost on the Layout tab).

Notice that the other legend options are Fill, Border Color, Border Styles, and
Shadow.

Fill         : The background of the legend
Border Color : The border around the legend (often the same as the Fill)
Border Styles: Fancier formating for the border
Shadow       : Fancier formating for the border

Experiment with the Fill and Border Colors.


4) Formatting Axes:

Now, let's explore formatting the X axis and Y axis. Formating the axes
themselves (not just the titles of the axes) can dramatically affect the
clarit of the chart. The formating options that we will explore include both
the axes themselves and the numbers on the axes. For all these operations, the
Ribbon should be displaying the Layout tab.

After selecting the chart, to start formating the horizontal axis we can either

-->Click Axes in the Axes group, then hover over Primary Horizontal Axis, and
-->  then click More Primary Axis Options
-->Note: we must use this form to remove the axis (see the None options), for
-->  all other formatting options we can use this form or the next

or

-->Select the horizont axis (Excel will draw a rectangle around the selected
-->   axis and numbers) and click Format Selection in the Current Selection
--> group (leftmost on the Layout tab).
or
-->Right-click the horizontal axis (Excel will draw a  rectangle around the
-->   selected axis and numbers) and click Format Axis...

In all cases, a pop-up window named Format Axis appears. Its left pane
includes 8 options: Axis Options, Number, Fill, Line Color, Line Style, Shadow,
3-D Format, and Alignment.

First, we will discuss the Axis Options in detail.

-->Click Axis Options in the left pane

The right options appear in 3 groups.

The first group starts with 4 options. Minimum and Maximum are the smallest
and largest number on that axis. The Auto radio buttons for all of these are
active (and the numbers to their right appear in gray text boxes), so Excel
automatically determines these values from the data in the Scatter chart.

If we want to specify a value for any of these quantities, we can click the
Fixed radio button for it and then enter a value into its text boxes (which
will switch from gray to white)

-->Click Fixed for the Maximum and enter the value 30

We can click Close to see the change, but then to make more changes we need
to summon the pop-up window again. Instead, a trick is to

-->Click the word "None" that appears in the pull-down list to the right of
-->  Display units; notice the maximum value on the horizontal axis changes.

Major units on an axis have labels/numbers associated with them, and optionally
tick marks (which can be inside the plot area, outside it, or both). Minor
units on an axis have NO labels/numbers associated with them, but optionally
they can have tickmarks (the same three kinds). This information is controlled
by the labels Major unit, Minor unit, and in the second group of options by
Major tick mark type, Minor tick mark type, and Axis labels.

First, observe that Major/Minor unit have their Auto radio buttons active; also
Major tick mark type has "Outside" selected. Minor tick mark type has "None"
selected. and Axis labels has "Next to Axis" selected. Let's experiment with
these formats and observe the changes.

-->Select "Inside" from the pull-down list for Minor tick mark type; notice
-->  that tick marks with no labels/numbers appear on the horizontal axis every
-->Compare the major and minor tick mark values (typically Excel choose the
-->  major tick mark to be a multiple of the minor one)

Because some values are both major and minor tick marks (multiples of both)
the have both an Outside (see Major tick mark type) and Inside (see Minor
tick mark type) tick mark.

-->Resize the chart to be very wide.

Becuase both tick marks are automatically computed by Excel, you should see
the major tick mark change (probably from 10 to 5: so you'll see 0, 5, 10, 15,
... 30) and the minor tick mark change (probably from 2 to 1). Leave the chart
this size and then

-->Click Fixed for the Major unit and enter the value 10
-->Click Fixed for the Minor unit and enter the value 2
-->Now these will be the units regardless of how big/small the chart is
-->Resize the chart to be its original size

Let's briefly explore some of the other formating options

-->Click the "Values in reverse order checkbox"; notice that the box becomes
-->  checked and 0-30 now run right to left, and the vertical axis appears
-->  on the right
-->Click the "Values in reverse order checkbox" again; notice that the box
-->  becomes unchecked (toggled) the the chart returns to its original form
-->Of course, we could have also just undone that operation for the same effect

The checkbox for Logarithmic scale is useful mostly in engineering contexts.
We will discuss the Display units options when we change the vertical axis
below.

-->Experiment with the options for for Major/Minor tick mark type and Axis
-->  Labels (including None) and notice the results; ultimately restore these
-->  values to Outside, Inside, and Next to Axis

-->Under the third/bottom group, titled Vertical axis crosses, click the radio
-->  button labeled Maximum axis value; notice the vertical axis moves all the
-->  way to the right (but unline "reverse order" the numbers on the axis
-->  remain the same
-->Click the radio button labeled Axis value and enter the value 10; notice
-->  the vertical axis moves to where the horizontal axis is marked 10
-->Click the radio button labeled Automatic to restore the vertical axis to
-->  its original position

The Number option in the left pane allows us to format a number just like in
cells. The Fill option fills the bacground of the numbers for that axis

-->Click the Line Color option in the left pane; choose a Solid line and the
-->  default Color (black); notice the horizontal axis is now darker than the
-->  vertical axis

Now, select the vertical axis and format it so that the Minimum is fixed at
1,000, the Maximum is fixed at 10,000, the Minor unit is fixed at 500 (with the
Minor tick mark type appearing on the inside), and make the Line Color black.
Now we will explore formating the numbers on this axis.

-->Summon the pop-up window named Format Axis for the vertical axis
-->Click the Number option in the left pane; notice that we can format numbers
-->  on  the axis just as we can format numbers in cells.
-->Choose to format the vertical axis as a Number with 0 decimal places and the
-->  1,000 separator
-->Click Axis Options in the left pane

Notice how the numbers on the vertical axis change.

Let's examine the Display units option in the Format Axis pop-up window (near
the bottom of the first section.

-->In the pull-down menu after Display units, select Thousands; notice that
-->  the numbers on the axis become 1 (thousand) to 10 (thousand)
-->If it is not already checked, click the "Show display units label on chart";
-->  notice that the word "Thousands" appears to label the vertical axis
-->Right click the Thousands label and select Format Display Unit...
-->In the pop-up window named Format Display Units Label, click Alignment
-->  at the bottom of the left side and then in the Text Direction pull-down
-->  list select horizontal; notice how this label changed its orientation
-->On the Format Axis pop-up window, go back to the Display Units pull-down
-->   menu and select "None"; notice the label "Thousands" disappears

If the numbers on an axis are too big, we can choose different display units
to "shrink" them, while Excel automatically labelsthese numbers.

Finally, when we right-click an axis, we can select Font and change any of the
font attributes. Feel free to explore and experiment with any of the formats
options that you saw but we did not cover here. You can always undo any "bad"
format choices.


5) Formating the Plot Area:

Now, let's explore some of the simplest and most useful formatting options in
the Plot Area in the chart. Either

-->Click Plot Area in the Background group, and then click More Plot Area
-->  Options...
or 
-->Right-click the interior of the chart and click Format Plot Area...

A pop-up window named Format Plot Area appears. Its left column includes 5
options: Fill, Border Color, Border Styles, Shadow, and 3-D Format. We will
use only Fill in the example below. Some of the other options have been
discussed before; of course you should feel free to experiment with them.

-->Click Fill on the left
-->Click the Solid fill radio button
-->Select the middle gray color (in the leftmost column); notice the plot area
-->  is filled with that color.

We can also choose some format options for the Gridlines in the plot area,
either not showing them or showing any combination of gridlines associated
with major and minor ticks.

-->Click Gridlines in the Axes group, then hover over Primary Horizontal
-->  Gridlines, and then click None; notice all gridlines disappear

-->Click Gridlines in the Axes group, then hover over Primary Horizontal
-->  Gridlines, and then click Major Gridlines; notice only the gridlines
-->  at the major ticks appear

-->Click Gridlines in the Axes group, then hover over Primary Horizontal
-->  Gridlines, and then click Minor Gridlines; notice only the gridlines
-->  at the minor ticks appear (recall that the major ticks are typically
-->  multiples of the minor ticks); the minor tick gridlines are very light

-->Click Gridlines in the Axes group, then hover over Primary Horizontal
-->  Gridlines, and then click Major and Minor Gridlines; notice the gridlines
-->  at the major and minor ticks appear (darker lines at the major ticks)

-->Experiment with the vertical gridlines as well, ultimately showing neither
-->  vertical gridlines associated with major or minor tick marks

If we right-click any gridline (horizontal or vertical), we can click Format
Gridlines... and use Line Color, Line Style, and Shadow to further specify
information about how to display the line.

-->Right-click the horizontal gridlines for the major tick marks and click
-->  Format Gridlines...; click Line Color (on the left) and click the Solid
-->  line radio button and choose the default black color (so these lines will
-->  show up better on a grey background)


6) Adding, Removing, and Formating Data Series:

Now we come to the last section, where we will examine how to add multiple
plots to a chart and how to organize the legend. With this information, we 
should be able to duplicate the looks of the chart shown in the lecture (which
yours already should look alot like, but with fewer plots on it).

So far the chart plots just one series of data: the one we used to start the
chart. Let's first access that series and change its name in the legent from
"Series1" to "Rate 6%".

Select the chart and either

-->Click the Select Data icon in the Data group on the Design tab in the Ribbon
or
-->Right-click in the Plot Area and click Select Data...; notice a pop--up
-->  window named Select Data Source

-->In the left pane, Series1 is lightly highlighted (in gray); if you click
-->  this name it becomes highlighted in blue
-->Click Edit and you will see the information for this series: the name, 
-->  X value and Y values
-->Click in the Series name text box, then enter the text: Rate 6% and click
-->  OK; notice the Lengend now shows the blue line with the diamond
-->  marker with the name Rate 6%

Now we will add a new series with information from the 7% calculation. In the 
Select Data Source pop-up window

-->Click Add
-->Click in the Series name text box, then enter the text: Rate 7%
-->Click inside the Series X values text box, then select the cell range A8:A37
-->Click inside the Series Y values text box, delete its contents and then
-->  select the cell range D8:D87
-->Click OK
-->Click OK again

Notice that a new series is added to the chart, in red with a square marker.

-->Add a series for Rate 8%, using cell ranges A8:A37 and F8:F37

Notice that a new series is added to the chart, in green with a triangle
marker.

-->Click Add
-->Click in the Series name text box, then click cell I2; notice the text
-->  ='Interest'!$I$2 appears in the text box; fill in the remaining text boxes
-->  using cell ranges A8:A37, and then I8:I37

Notice that a new series is added to the chart, in purple with a X marker.

Because charts are objects that can be moved from worksheet to worksheet, when
we specify cells here Excel prefaces them with the name of the worksheet on
which they occur: e.g., ='Interest'!$I$2: note that the cell specifies the
worksheet it is on, followed by an exclamation mark (!) and a reference to a
cell on that worksheet. Generally, we can use this mechanism on any worksheet
to refer to cells on other worksheets. We will return to this topic later.

So, we have specified that the legend entry is whatever is in cell I2. Examine
that cell (or use Formula Auditing) to see the formula there is:
="Rate = "&I4*100&"%"

It uses text, the & operator, and another cell (I4), and more text to build a
complicated legend title. Recall that we can fill an cell by entering text into
it without quotation marks, but when we are using text in a formula we need to
use quotation marks.

Thus the legend name can either be text (e.g., ="Rate 6%") or a reference to a
cell; that cell can contain a formula, and the value of the formula is the
value that appears in the legend.

Note that the Series Name that starts with "Rate = " is controlled by the left
scroller (which varies from 0% to 10% in increments of .1%).

The Series Names "on x-axis" and "on variable" are controlled by the right
scoller (which varies from 0 to 29 in increments of 1). Change these scrollers
slowly (click on the left/right arrows or drag the center bar) to see how the
cells I3:I4, I8:I37, M7, M8, and N8 change and the chart updates.

We will see how to put scroll bars into Excel sheets soon.

Observe what happens to the top bound of the Y axis (we fixed its Maximum value
at 10,000) as the interest rate exceeds 8%: the line goes outside the plot
area. Briefly change this so that Excel automatically selects the Maximum and
watch what happens when the interest rate exceeds 8%.

Finally, notice that when we move the scroll bar, we cannot undo recent
changes!

Let's now see how move the order of series in the Legend

-->Click the "Rate = " series: since we added it last, it will be at the bottom
-->Click the up-arrow icon (to the right of Remove) in the left pane; notice
-->  that series moves up by one in the pop-window, and in the legend
-->Repeatedly click the up-arrow icon until the selected series is at the 
-->  top.

-->Click the Remove icon in the left list; notice that series disappers
-->Click OK, but then click the Undo icon to bring back this series, and move
-->  it back up to the top of the legend

We will now add two very special series, each of which contains just one point!

-->Click Add
-->Click in the Series name text box, then enter the text: on x-axis
-->Fill in the text boxes using the single cell M7 and N7 respectively
-->Click OK twice

Notice that a new series is added to the chart, in light blue with an asterick
marker: this value is always on the x axis (Y = 1000). As you move the scroll
bar labeled "Adjust Period on-variable", this marker moves left and right on
the X axis

-->Click Add
-->Click in the Series name text box, then enter the text: on variable
-->Fill in the text boxes using the single cell M8 and N8 respectively
-->Click OK twice

Notice that a new series is added to the chart, in orange with a round maker
(overlapping the last point in the purple series: it is another series that
always overlaps the last value). As you move the scroll bar labeled "Adjust
Period on-variable", this marker moves left and right on purple series, just
as the blue asterick moves left and right on the x-axis. The orange circle
is always above the blue asterick

-->Make the on x-axis series the last in the legend. The legend should now look
-->  identical to the legend in the chart already there.

Now we will add value labels (different kinds) to some of the points in some of
the data series.

-->Select the chart
-->Hover over various green triangle markers on the Rate 8% series; notice
-->  that some pop up date shows the series name, what point it is in the
-->  series (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.) and finally the X and Y coordinates  of that
-->  point
-->Hover over the last (farthest to the right) green triangle marker on the
-->  Rate 8% series
-->Click that point; notice a small box  appears around it. Make sure only last
-->  marker has a box around it, not all the markers in that series; if you
-->  see boxes around all the markers, click the last marker again
-->Right-click that box and click Add Data Label (if it says Add Data Labels,
-->  you have not made the right selection); notice that value next to that
-->  marker is its Y value (9317.27)
-->Do the same with the Rate 7% and Rate 6% series

-->Hover over the orange circle.
-->Click that point; notice a small box  appear around it
-->Right-click that box and click Add Data Label (if it says Add Data Labels,
-->  you have not made the right selection); notice that value next to that
-->  marker is its Y value
-->Right-click that box again and click Format Data Label; notice a check in
-->  the Y value checkbox
-->Click the X value checkbox too, and in the Separator pull-down list, choose
-->  the semi-colon
-->Click close

Notice that this point is labeled with its X and Y

These data labels interfere with the legend, we could move the legend somewhere
else on the chart, but instead we will modify the plot area.

-->Change the maximum value in the X axis to be 40, so that there is no
-->  interfernce.

Finally, let's explore formatting an entire data series. In particular, we will
reduce the size of the red square marker, and change its color to yellow. After
this change the chart you are creating should look identical to the one in
the lecture note

-->Right-click data series (its markers or the lines between them) with the
-->  red square marker; notice that Excel will draw a box around every other
-->  data marker
-->Click Format Data Series...

Notice a pop-up window named Format Data Series appears. Options on that
window are Series Options, Marker Options, Marker Fill, Line COlor, Line Style,
Marker Line Color, Makre Line Style, Shadow and 3-D Format.

-->Click Marker Options
-->Click Built-in and reduce the size to 5; notice the size of the rectangles
-->  shrink

-->Click Marker Fill
-->Click Solid fill and choose the color yellow (from the Standard colors);
-->  notice the interior of the squares turn to yellow (the border/line around
-->  each square is still red)

-->Click Line color
-->Click Solid line and choose the color yellow (from the Standard colors);
-->  notice the line between the marker turns yellow

-->Click Marker Line color and choose the color yellow (from the Standard
-->Click Solid line and choose the color yellow (from the Standard colors);
-->  notice the border/line around each square marker turns to yellow

->Click close on the pop-up window named Format Data Series
 
We have reached the end of the tour. Again, our purpose was to demonstrate some
of the more useful formatting commands available for Scatter charts. While I
don't expect you to memorize all these commands, I do expect you to have a good
idea about your options when displaying Scatter charts, and to be familiar with
the sequences of commands to issue to achieve many different formatting
options.

Practicing formatting Scatter charts will make the formatting commands easier
to remember. I would suggest now that you try to reproduce the chart again,
but this time from memory, without reading the detailed instructions in these
notes (but referring back to them when necessary; if so, do it again until
you can do it without reading the notes). 


7) Summary

Here is a quick summary of skills to acquire from working on this lecture.
You should be able to discuss each of these topics a bit, but more importantly
know HOW TO DO something in Excel,

Know how to construct empty Scatter charts or Scatter charts that start with
one or more data series, selecting among the five different subtypes.

Know how to add and format titles for the whole chart, its X and Y axes, and
the legend.

Know how to format the X and Y axis of the Scatter chart: there are many
intereseting options here.

Know how to format the plot area.

Know the ! naming convention, separating the name of the worksheet from the
cell(s) on that worksheet (either on that worksheet or on another).

Know how to remove, add, and change a data series, including changing the
order of the data series in the legend

Know to to format an entire data series, and INDIVIDUAL points in the series,
including different ways to label interesting points.